///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Copyright 2011 John Maddock. Distributed under the Boost
//  Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

#ifndef BOOST_MATH_BIG_NUM_DEF_OPS
#define BOOST_MATH_BIG_NUM_DEF_OPS

#include <boost/core/no_exceptions_support.hpp>    // BOOST_TRY
#include <boost/math/policies/error_handling.hpp>
#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/detail/number_base.hpp>
#include <boost/math/special_functions/fpclassify.hpp>
#include <boost/math/special_functions/next.hpp>
#include <boost/math/special_functions/hypot.hpp>
#include <cstdint>
#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX17_HDR_STRING_VIEW
#include <string_view>
#endif

#ifndef INSTRUMENT_BACKEND
#ifndef BOOST_MP_INSTRUMENT
#define INSTRUMENT_BACKEND(x)
#else
#define INSTRUMENT_BACKEND(x) \
    std::cout << BOOST_STRINGIZE(x) << " = " << x.str(0, std::ios_base::scientific) << std::endl;
#endif
#endif

namespace nil {
    namespace crypto3 {
        namespace multiprecision {

            namespace detail {

                template<class T>
                struct is_backend;

                template<class To, class From>
                void generic_interconvert(To& to, const From& from,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>& /*to_type*/,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_integer>& /*from_type*/);
                template<class To, class From>
                void generic_interconvert(To& to, const From& from,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_integer>& /*to_type*/,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_integer>& /*from_type*/);
                template<class To, class From>
                void generic_interconvert(To& to, const From& from,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>& /*to_type*/,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_floating_point>& /*from_type*/);
                template<class To, class From>
                void generic_interconvert(To& to, const From& from,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_rational>& /*to_type*/,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_rational>& /*from_type*/);
                template<class To, class From>
                void generic_interconvert(To& to, const From& from,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_rational>& /*to_type*/,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_integer>& /*from_type*/);
                template<class To, class From>
                constexpr void
                    generic_interconvert(To& to, const From& from,
                                         const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_integer>& /*to_type*/,
                                         const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_modular>& /*from_type*/);

            }    // namespace detail

            namespace default_ops {

#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
// warning C4127: conditional expression is constant
// warning C4146: unary minus operator applied to unsigned type, result still unsigned
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable : 4127 4146)
#endif
                //
                // Default versions of mixed arithmetic, these just construct a temporary
                // from the arithmetic value and then do the arithmetic on that, two versions
                // of each depending on whether the backend can be directly constructed from type V.
                //
                // Note that we have to provide *all* the template parameters to class number when used in
                // enable_if as MSVC-10 won't compile the code if we rely on a computed-default parameter.
                // Since the result of the test doesn't depend on whether expression templates are on or off
                // we just use et_on everywhere.  We could use a BOOST_WORKAROUND but that just obfuscates the
                // code even more....
                //
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_add(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_add(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_add(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_add(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_subtract(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_subtract(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_subtract(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_subtract(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_multiply(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_multiply(result, t);
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_multiply(T& t, const U& u, const V& v);

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!(!std::is_same<T, U>::value && std::is_same<T, V>::value)>::type
                    eval_multiply_add(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    T z;
                    eval_multiply(z, u, v);
                    eval_add(t, z);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<T, U>::value && std::is_same<T, V>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply_add(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_multiply_add(t, v, u);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!(!std::is_same<T, U>::value && std::is_same<T, V>::value)>::type
                    eval_multiply_subtract(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    T z;
                    eval_multiply(z, u, v);
                    eval_subtract(t, z);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<T, U>::value && std::is_same<T, V>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply_subtract(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_multiply_subtract(t, v, u);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_divide(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_divide(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_divide(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_divide(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_modulus(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_modulus(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_modulus(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_modulus(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_and(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_bitwise_and(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_and(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_bitwise_and(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_or(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_bitwise_or(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_or(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_bitwise_or(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_xor(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_bitwise_xor(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_xor(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_bitwise_xor(result, t);
                }

                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_complement(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t;
                    t = v;
                    eval_complement(result, t);
                }
                template<class T, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<V, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<V, T>::value>::type
                    eval_complement(T& result, V const& v) {
                    T t(v);
                    eval_complement(result, t);
                }

                //
                // Default versions of 3-arg arithmetic functions, these mostly just forward to the 2 arg versions:
                //
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_add(T& t, const U& u, const V& v);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_add_default(T& t, const T& u, const T& v) {
                    if (&t == &v) {
                        eval_add(t, u);
                    } else if (&t == &u) {
                        eval_add(t, v);
                    } else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_add(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_add_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv;
                    vv = v;
                    eval_add(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_add_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv(v);
                    eval_add(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value>::type
                    eval_add_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    eval_add(t, v, u);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_add_default(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::is_same<T, V>::value) {
                        if ((void*)&t == (void*)&v) {
                            eval_add(t, u);
                        } else {
                            t = u;
                            eval_add(t, v);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_add(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_add(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_add_default(t, u, v);
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                void BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR eval_subtract(T& t, const U& u, const V& v);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_subtract_default(T& t, const T& u, const T& v) {
                    if ((&t == &v) && is_signed_number<T>::value) {
                        eval_subtract(t, u);
                        t.negate();
                    } else if (&t == &u) {
                        eval_subtract(t, v);
                    } else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_subtract(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_subtract_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv;
                    vv = v;
                    eval_subtract(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_subtract_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv(v);
                    eval_subtract(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            is_signed_number<T>::value>::type
                    eval_subtract_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    eval_subtract(t, v, u);
                    t.negate();
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value && is_unsigned_number<T>::value>::type
                    eval_subtract_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    T temp;
                    temp = u;
                    eval_subtract(t, temp, v);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value && is_unsigned_number<T>::value>::type
                    eval_subtract_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    T temp(u);
                    eval_subtract(t, temp, v);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_subtract_default(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::is_same<T, V>::value) {
                        if ((void*)&t == (void*)&v) {
                            eval_subtract(t, u);
                            t.negate();
                        } else {
                            t = u;
                            eval_subtract(t, v);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_subtract(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_subtract(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_subtract_default(t, u, v);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_multiply_default(T& t, const T& u, const T& v) {
                    if (&t == &v) {
                        eval_multiply(t, u);
                    } else if (&t == &u) {
                        eval_multiply(t, v);
                    } else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_multiply(t, v);
                    }
                }
#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1900)
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv;
                    vv = v;
                    eval_multiply(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv(v);
                    eval_multiply(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    eval_multiply(t, v, u);
                }
#endif
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_multiply_default(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::is_same<T, V>::value) {
                        if ((void*)&t == (void*)&v) {
                            eval_multiply(t, u);
                        } else {
                            t = number<T>::canonical_value(u);
                            eval_multiply(t, v);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        t = number<T>::canonical_value(u);
                        eval_multiply(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_multiply(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_multiply_default(t, u, v);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_multiply_add(T& t, const T& u, const T& v, const T& x) {
                    if ((void*)&x == (void*)&t) {
                        T z;
                        z = number<T>::canonical_value(x);
                        eval_multiply_add(t, u, v, z);
                    } else {
                        eval_multiply(t, u, v);
                        eval_add(t, x);
                    }
                }

                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<T, U>::value, T>::type
                    make_T(const U& u) {
                    T t;
                    t = number<T>::canonical_value(u);
                    return t;
                }
                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR const T& make_T(const T& t) {
                    return t;
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V, class X>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!(!std::is_same<T, U>::value && std::is_same<T, V>::value)>::type
                    eval_multiply_add(T& t, const U& u, const V& v, const X& x) {
                    eval_multiply_add(t, make_T<T>(u), make_T<T>(v), make_T<T>(x));
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V, class X>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<T, U>::value && std::is_same<T, V>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply_add(T& t, const U& u, const V& v, const X& x) {
                    eval_multiply_add(t, v, u, x);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V, class X>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!(!std::is_same<T, U>::value && std::is_same<T, V>::value)>::type
                    eval_multiply_subtract(T& t, const U& u, const V& v, const X& x) {
                    if ((void*)&x == (void*)&t) {
                        T z;
                        z = x;
                        eval_multiply_subtract(t, u, v, z);
                    } else {
                        eval_multiply(t, u, v);
                        eval_subtract(t, x);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V, class X>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<T, U>::value && std::is_same<T, V>::value>::type
                    eval_multiply_subtract(T& t, const U& u, const V& v, const X& x) {
                    eval_multiply_subtract(t, v, u, x);
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_divide(T& t, const U& u, const V& v);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_divide_default(T& t, const T& u, const T& v) {
                    if (&t == &u)
                        eval_divide(t, v);
                    else if (&t == &v) {
                        T temp;
                        eval_divide(temp, u, v);
                        temp.swap(t);
                    } else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_divide(t, v);
                    }
                }
#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1900)
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_divide_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv;
                    vv = v;
                    eval_divide(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_divide_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv(v);
                    eval_divide(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_divide_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    T uu;
                    uu = u;
                    eval_divide(t, uu, v);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_divide_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    T uu(u);
                    eval_divide(t, uu, v);
                }
#endif
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_divide_default(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::is_same<T, V>::value) {
                        if ((void*)&t == (void*)&v) {
                            T temp;
                            temp = u;
                            eval_divide(temp, v);
                            t = temp;
                        } else {
                            t = u;
                            eval_divide(t, v);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_divide(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_divide(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_divide_default(t, u, v);
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_modulus(T& t, const U& u, const V& v);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_modulus_default(T& t, const T& u, const T& v) {
                    if (&t == &u)
                        eval_modulus(t, v);
                    else if (&t == &v) {
                        T temp;
                        eval_modulus(temp, u, v);
                        temp.swap(t);
                    } else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_modulus(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_modulus_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv;
                    vv = v;
                    eval_modulus(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_modulus_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv(v);
                    eval_modulus(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_modulus_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    T uu;
                    uu = u;
                    eval_modulus(t, uu, v);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_modulus_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    T uu(u);
                    eval_modulus(t, uu, v);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_modulus_default(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::is_same<T, V>::value) {
                        if ((void*)&t == (void*)&v) {
                            T temp(u);
                            eval_modulus(temp, v);
                            t = temp;
                        } else {
                            t = u;
                            eval_modulus(t, v);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_modulus(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_modulus(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_modulus_default(t, u, v);
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_and(T& t, const U& u, const V& v);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_and_default(T& t, const T& u, const T& v) {
                    if (&t == &v) {
                        eval_bitwise_and(t, u);
                    } else if (&t == &u) {
                        eval_bitwise_and(t, v);
                    } else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_bitwise_and(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_and_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv;
                    vv = v;
                    eval_bitwise_and(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_and_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv(v);
                    eval_bitwise_and(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_and_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    eval_bitwise_and(t, v, u);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<T, U>::value || std::is_same<T, V>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_and_default(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    t = u;
                    eval_bitwise_and(t, v);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_and(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_bitwise_and_default(t, u, v);
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_or(T& t, const U& u, const V& v);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_or_default(T& t, const T& u, const T& v) {
                    if (&t == &v) {
                        eval_bitwise_or(t, u);
                    } else if (&t == &u) {
                        eval_bitwise_or(t, v);
                    } else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_bitwise_or(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_or_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv;
                    vv = v;
                    eval_bitwise_or(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_or_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv(v);
                    eval_bitwise_or(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_or_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    eval_bitwise_or(t, v, u);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_or_default(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::is_same<T, V>::value) {
                        if ((void*)&t == (void*)&v) {
                            eval_bitwise_or(t, u);
                        } else {
                            t = u;
                            eval_bitwise_or(t, v);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_bitwise_or(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_or(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_bitwise_or_default(t, u, v);
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_xor(T& t, const U& u, const V& v);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_xor_default(T& t, const T& u, const T& v) {
                    if (&t == &v) {
                        eval_bitwise_xor(t, u);
                    } else if (&t == &u) {
                        eval_bitwise_xor(t, v);
                    } else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_bitwise_xor(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            !std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_xor_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv;
                    vv = v;
                    eval_bitwise_xor(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value &&
                                            std::is_convertible<U, T>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_xor_default(T& t, const T& u, const U& v) {
                    T vv(v);
                    eval_bitwise_xor(t, u, vv);
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U, number<T, et_on>>::value>::type
                    eval_bitwise_xor_default(T& t, const U& u, const T& v) {
                    eval_bitwise_xor(t, v, u);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_xor_default(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::is_same<T, V>::value) {
                        if ((void*)&t == (void*)&v) {
                            eval_bitwise_xor(t, u);
                        } else {
                            t = u;
                            eval_bitwise_xor(t, v);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        t = u;
                        eval_bitwise_xor(t, v);
                    }
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bitwise_xor(T& t, const U& u, const V& v) {
                    eval_bitwise_xor_default(t, u, v);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_increment(T& val) {
                    using ui_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::unsigned_types>::type;
                    eval_add(val, static_cast<ui_type>(1u));
                }
                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_decrement(T& val) {
                    using ui_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::unsigned_types>::type;
                    eval_subtract(val, static_cast<ui_type>(1u));
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_left_shift(T& result, const U& arg, const V val) {
                    result = arg;
                    eval_left_shift(result, val);
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_right_shift(T& result, const U& arg, const V val) {
                    result = arg;
                    eval_right_shift(result, val);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool eval_is_zero(const T& val) {
                    using ui_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::unsigned_types>::type;
                    return val.compare(static_cast<ui_type>(0)) == 0;
                }
                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int eval_get_sign(const T& val) {
                    using ui_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename T::unsigned_types>::type;
                    return val.compare(static_cast<ui_type>(0));
                }

                template<class T, class V, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void
                    assign_components_imp(T& result, const V& v1, const U& v2,
                                          const std::integral_constant<int, number_kind_rational>&) {
                    result = v1;
                    T t;
                    t = v2;
                    eval_divide(result, t);
                }

                template<class T, class V, class U, int N>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void assign_components_imp(T& result, const V& v1, const U& v2,
                                                                           const std::integral_constant<int, N>&) {
                    using component_number_type = typename component_type<number<T>>::type;

                    component_number_type x(v1), y(v2);
                    assign_components(result, x.backend(), y.backend());
                }

                template<class T, class V, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void assign_components(T& result, const V& v1, const U& v2) {
                    return assign_components_imp(result, v1, v2, typename number_category<T>::type());
                }
#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX17_HDR_STRING_VIEW
                template<class Result, class Traits>
                inline void assign_from_string_view(Result& result, const std::basic_string_view<char, Traits>& view) {
                    // since most (all?) backends require a const char* to construct from, we just
                    // convert to that:
                    std::string s(view);
                    result = s.c_str();
                }
                template<class Result, class Traits>
                inline void assign_from_string_view(Result& result, const std::basic_string_view<char, Traits>& view_x,
                                                    const std::basic_string_view<char, Traits>& view_y) {
                    // since most (all?) backends require a const char* to construct from, we just
                    // convert to that:
                    std::string x(view_x), y(view_y);
                    assign_components(result, x.c_str(), y.c_str());
                }
#endif
                template<class R, int b>
                struct has_enough_bits {
                    template<class T>
                    struct type : public std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_same<R, T>::value &&
                                                                          (std::numeric_limits<T>::digits >= b)> { };
                };

                template<class R>
                struct terminal {
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR terminal(const R& v) : value(v) {
                    }
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR terminal() {
                    }
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR terminal& operator=(R val) {
                        value = val;
                        return *this;
                    }
                    R value;
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR operator R() const {
                        return value;
                    }
                };

                template<class Tuple, int i, class T, bool = (i == std::tuple_size<Tuple>::value)>
                struct find_index_of_type {
                    static constexpr int value = std::is_same<T, typename std::tuple_element<i, Tuple>::type>::value ?
                                                     i :
                                                     find_index_of_type<Tuple, i + 1, T>::value;
                };
                template<class Tuple, int i, class T>
                struct find_index_of_type<Tuple, i, T, true> {
                    static constexpr int value = -1;
                };

                template<class R, class B>
                struct calculate_next_larger_type {
                    // Find which list we're looking through:
                    using list_type = typename std::conditional<
                        nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_signed<R>::value &&
                            nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<R>::value,
                        typename B::signed_types,
                        typename std::conditional<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_unsigned<R>::value,
                                                  typename B::unsigned_types, typename B::float_types>::type>::type;
                    static constexpr int start = find_index_of_type<list_type, 0, R>::value;
                    static constexpr int index_of_type =
                                             nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::find_index_of_large_enough_type <
                                             list_type,
                                         start == INT_MAX ? 0 : start + 1, std::numeric_limits<R>::digits > ::value;
                    using type =
                        typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::dereference_tuple<index_of_type, list_type,
                                                                                         terminal<R>>::type;
                };

                template<class R, class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<R>::value, bool>::type
                    check_in_range(const T& t) {
                    // Can t fit in an R?
                    if ((t > 0) && std::numeric_limits<R>::is_specialized && std::numeric_limits<R>::is_bounded &&
                        (t > (std::numeric_limits<R>::max)()))
                        return true;
                    else
                        return false;
                }

                template<class R, class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<R>::value>::type
                    eval_convert_to(R* result, const B& backend) {
                    using next_type = typename calculate_next_larger_type<R, B>::type;
                    next_type n = next_type();
                    eval_convert_to(&n, backend);
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(!nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_unsigned<R>::value &&
                                       std::numeric_limits<R>::is_specialized && std::numeric_limits<R>::is_bounded) {
                        if (n > (next_type)(std::numeric_limits<R>::max)()) {
                            *result = (std::numeric_limits<R>::max)();
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::numeric_limits<R>::is_specialized && std::numeric_limits<R>::is_bounded) {
                        if (n < (next_type)(std::numeric_limits<R>::min)()) {
                            *result = (std::numeric_limits<R>::min)();
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    *result = static_cast<R>(n);
                }

                template<class R, class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<!nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<R>::value>::type
                    eval_convert_to(R* result, const B& backend) {
                    using next_type = typename calculate_next_larger_type<R, B>::type;
                    next_type n = next_type();
                    eval_convert_to(&n, backend);
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::numeric_limits<R>::is_specialized && std::numeric_limits<R>::is_bounded) {
                        if ((n > (next_type)(std::numeric_limits<R>::max)() ||
                             (n < (next_type) - (std::numeric_limits<R>::max)()))) {
                            *result = n > 0 ? (std::numeric_limits<R>::max)() : -(std::numeric_limits<R>::max)();
                        } else
                            *result = static_cast<R>(n);
                    }
                    else* result = static_cast<R>(n);
                }

                template<class R, class B>
                inline void last_chance_eval_convert_to(terminal<R>* result, const B& backend,
                                                        const std::integral_constant<bool, false>&) {
                    //
                    // We ran out of types to try for the conversion, try
                    // a lexical_cast and hope for the best:
                    //
                    BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::numeric_limits<R>::is_integer && !std::numeric_limits<R>::is_signed)
                    if (eval_get_sign(backend) < 0)
                        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::range_error(
                            "Attempt to convert negative value to an unsigned integer results in undefined behaviour"));
                    BOOST_TRY {
                        result->value = boost::lexical_cast<R>(backend.str(0, std::ios_base::fmtflags(0)));
                    }
                    BOOST_CATCH(const boost::bad_lexical_cast&) {
                        if (eval_get_sign(backend) < 0) {
                            BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::numeric_limits<R>::is_integer && !std::numeric_limits<R>::is_signed)
                            *result = (std::numeric_limits<R>::max)();    // we should never get here, exception above
                                                                          // will be raised.
                            else BOOST_IF_CONSTEXPR(std::numeric_limits<R>::is_integer)* result =
                                (std::numeric_limits<R>::min)();
                            else* result = -(std::numeric_limits<R>::max)();
                        } else
                            *result = (std::numeric_limits<R>::max)();
                    }
                    BOOST_CATCH_END
                }

                template<class R, class B>
                inline void last_chance_eval_convert_to(terminal<R>* result, const B& backend,
                                                        const std::integral_constant<bool, true>&) {
                    //
                    // Last chance conversion to an unsigned integer.
                    // We ran out of types to try for the conversion, try
                    // a lexical_cast and hope for the best:
                    //
                    if (eval_get_sign(backend) < 0)
                        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::range_error(
                            "Attempt to convert negative value to an unsigned integer results in undefined behaviour"));
                    BOOST_TRY {
                        B t(backend);
                        R mask = ~static_cast<R>(0u);
                        eval_bitwise_and(t, mask);
                        result->value = boost::lexical_cast<R>(t.str(0, std::ios_base::fmtflags(0)));
                    }
                    BOOST_CATCH(const boost::bad_lexical_cast&) {
                        // We should never really get here...
                        *result = (std::numeric_limits<R>::max)();
                    }
                    BOOST_CATCH_END
                }

                template<class R, class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_convert_to(terminal<R>* result, const B& backend) {
                    using tag_type =
                        std::integral_constant<bool, nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_unsigned<R>::value &&
                                                         number_category<B>::value == number_kind_integer>;
                    last_chance_eval_convert_to(result, backend, tag_type());
                }

                template<class B1, class B2, expression_template_option et>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_convert_to(terminal<number<B1, et>>* result,
                                                                     const B2& backend) {
                    //
                    // We ran out of types to try for the conversion, try
                    // a generic conversion and hope for the best:
                    //
                    nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::generic_interconvert(
                        result->value.backend(), backend, number_category<B1>(), number_category<B2>());
                }

                template<class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_convert_to(std::string* result, const B& backend) {
                    *result = backend.str(0, std::ios_base::fmtflags(0));
                }

                template<class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_convert_to(std::complex<float>* result, const B& backend) {
                    using scalar_type = typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<multiprecision::number<B>>::type;
                    scalar_type re, im;
                    eval_real(re.backend(), backend);
                    eval_imag(im.backend(), backend);

                    *result = std::complex<float>(re.template convert_to<float>(), im.template convert_to<float>());
                }

                template<class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_convert_to(std::complex<double>* result, const B& backend) {
                    using scalar_type = typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<multiprecision::number<B>>::type;
                    scalar_type re, im;
                    eval_real(re.backend(), backend);
                    eval_imag(im.backend(), backend);

                    *result = std::complex<double>(re.template convert_to<double>(), im.template convert_to<double>());
                }

                template<class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_convert_to(std::complex<long double>* result,
                                                                     const B& backend) {
                    using scalar_type = typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<multiprecision::number<B>>::type;
                    scalar_type re, im;
                    eval_real(re.backend(), backend);
                    eval_imag(im.backend(), backend);

                    *result = std::complex<long double>(re.template convert_to<long double>(),
                                                        im.template convert_to<long double>());
                }

                //
                // Functions:
                //
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_abs(T& result, const U& arg) {
                    using type_list = typename U::signed_types;
                    using front = typename std::tuple_element<0, type_list>::type;
                    result = arg;
                    if (arg.compare(front(0)) < 0)
                        result.negate();
                }
                template<class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_fabs(T& result, const U& arg) {
                    static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                  "The fabs function is only valid for floating point types.");
                    using type_list = typename U::signed_types;
                    using front = typename std::tuple_element<0, type_list>::type;
                    result = arg;
                    if (arg.compare(front(0)) < 0)
                        result.negate();
                }

                template<class Backend>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int eval_fpclassify(const Backend& arg) {
                    static_assert(number_category<Backend>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                  "The fpclassify function is only valid for floating point types.");
                    return eval_is_zero(arg) ? FP_ZERO : FP_NORMAL;
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_fmod(T& result, const T& a, const T& b) {
                    static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                  "The fmod function is only valid for floating point types.");
                    if ((&result == &a) || (&result == &b)) {
                        T temp;
                        eval_fmod(temp, a, b);
                        result = temp;
                        return;
                    }
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(a)) {
                        case FP_ZERO:
                            result = a;
                            return;
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                        case FP_NAN:
                            result = std::numeric_limits<number<T>>::quiet_NaN().backend();
                            errno = EDOM;
                            return;
                    }
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(b)) {
                        case FP_ZERO:
                        case FP_NAN:
                            result = std::numeric_limits<number<T>>::quiet_NaN().backend();
                            errno = EDOM;
                            return;
                    }
                    T n;
                    eval_divide(result, a, b);
                    if (eval_get_sign(result) < 0)
                        eval_ceil(n, result);
                    else
                        eval_floor(n, result);
                    eval_multiply(n, b);
                    eval_subtract(result, a, n);
                }
                template<class T, class A>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<A>::value, void>::type
                    eval_fmod(T& result, const T& x, const A& a) {
                    using canonical_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<A, T>::type;
                    using cast_type =
                        typename std::conditional<std::is_same<A, canonical_type>::value, T, canonical_type>::type;
                    cast_type c;
                    c = a;
                    eval_fmod(result, x, c);
                }

                template<class T, class A>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<A>::value, void>::type
                    eval_fmod(T& result, const A& x, const T& a) {
                    using canonical_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<A, T>::type;
                    using cast_type =
                        typename std::conditional<std::is_same<A, canonical_type>::value, T, canonical_type>::type;
                    cast_type c;
                    c = x;
                    eval_fmod(result, c, a);
                }

                template<class T>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_round(T& result, const T& a);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_remquo(T& result, const T& a, const T& b, int* pi) {
                    static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                  "The remquo function is only valid for floating point types.");
                    if ((&result == &a) || (&result == &b)) {
                        T temp;
                        eval_remquo(temp, a, b, pi);
                        result = temp;
                        return;
                    }
                    T n;
                    eval_divide(result, a, b);
                    eval_round(n, result);
                    eval_convert_to(pi, n);
                    eval_multiply(n, b);
                    eval_subtract(result, a, n);
                }
                template<class T, class A>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<A>::value, void>::type
                    eval_remquo(T& result, const T& x, const A& a, int* pi) {
                    using canonical_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<A, T>::type;
                    using cast_type =
                        typename std::conditional<std::is_same<A, canonical_type>::value, T, canonical_type>::type;
                    cast_type c = cast_type();
                    c = a;
                    eval_remquo(result, x, c, pi);
                }
                template<class T, class A>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<A>::value, void>::type
                    eval_remquo(T& result, const A& x, const T& a, int* pi) {
                    using canonical_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<A, T>::type;
                    using cast_type =
                        typename std::conditional<std::is_same<A, canonical_type>::value, T, canonical_type>::type;
                    cast_type c = cast_type();
                    c = x;
                    eval_remquo(result, c, a, pi);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_remainder(T& result, const U& a, const V& b) {
                    int i(0);
                    eval_remquo(result, a, b, &i);
                }

                template<class B>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool eval_gt(const B& a, const B& b);
                template<class T, class U>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool eval_gt(const T& a, const U& b);
                template<class B>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool eval_lt(const B& a, const B& b);
                template<class T, class U>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool eval_lt(const T& a, const U& b);

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_fdim(T& result, const T& a, const T& b) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    const ui_type zero = 0u;
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(b)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            result = zero;
                            return;
                    }
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(a)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
                            result = zero;
                            return;
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            result = a;
                            return;
                    }
                    if (eval_gt(a, b)) {
                        eval_subtract(result, a, b);
                    } else
                        result = zero;
                }

                template<class T, class A>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<A>::value>::type
                    eval_fdim(T& result, const T& a, const A& b) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    using arithmetic_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<A, T>::type;
                    const ui_type zero = 0u;
                    arithmetic_type canonical_b = b;
                    switch ((::boost::math::fpclassify)(b)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            result = zero;
                            return;
                    }
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(a)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
                            result = zero;
                            return;
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            result = a;
                            return;
                    }
                    if (eval_gt(a, canonical_b)) {
                        eval_subtract(result, a, canonical_b);
                    } else
                        result = zero;
                }

                template<class T, class A>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<A>::value>::type
                    eval_fdim(T& result, const A& a, const T& b) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    using arithmetic_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<A, T>::type;
                    const ui_type zero = 0u;
                    arithmetic_type canonical_a = a;
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(b)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            result = zero;
                            return;
                    }
                    switch ((::boost::math::fpclassify)(a)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
                            result = zero;
                            return;
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            result = std::numeric_limits<number<T>>::infinity().backend();
                            return;
                    }
                    if (eval_gt(canonical_a, b)) {
                        eval_subtract(result, canonical_a, b);
                    } else
                        result = zero;
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_trunc(T& result, const T& a) {
                    static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                  "The trunc function is only valid for floating point types.");
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(a)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
                            errno = EDOM;
                            // fallthrough...
                        case FP_ZERO:
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            result = a;
                            return;
                    }
                    if (eval_get_sign(a) < 0)
                        eval_ceil(result, a);
                    else
                        eval_floor(result, a);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_modf(T& result, T const& arg, T* pipart) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    int c = eval_fpclassify(arg);
                    if (c == (int)FP_NAN) {
                        if (pipart)
                            *pipart = arg;
                        result = arg;
                        return;
                    } else if (c == (int)FP_INFINITE) {
                        if (pipart)
                            *pipart = arg;
                        result = ui_type(0u);
                        return;
                    }
                    if (pipart) {
                        eval_trunc(*pipart, arg);
                        eval_subtract(result, arg, *pipart);
                    } else {
                        T ipart;
                        eval_trunc(ipart, arg);
                        eval_subtract(result, arg, ipart);
                    }
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_round(T& result, const T& a) {
                    static_assert(number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                  "The round function is only valid for floating point types.");
                    using fp_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<float, T>::type;
                    int c = eval_fpclassify(a);
                    if (c == (int)FP_NAN) {
                        result = a;
                        errno = EDOM;
                        return;
                    }
                    if ((c == FP_ZERO) || (c == (int)FP_INFINITE)) {
                        result = a;
                    } else if (eval_get_sign(a) < 0) {
                        eval_subtract(result, a, fp_type(0.5f));
                        eval_ceil(result, result);
                    } else {
                        eval_add(result, a, fp_type(0.5f));
                        eval_floor(result, result);
                    }
                }

                template<class B>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_lcm(B& result, const B& a, const B& b);
                template<class B>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_gcd(B& result, const B& a, const B& b);

                template<class T, class Arithmetic>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<Arithmetic>::value>::type
                    eval_gcd(T& result, const T& a, const Arithmetic& b) {
                    using si_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<Arithmetic, T>::type;
                    using default_ops::eval_gcd;
                    T t;
                    t = static_cast<si_type>(b);
                    eval_gcd(result, a, t);
                }
                template<class T, class Arithmetic>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<Arithmetic>::value>::type
                    eval_gcd(T& result, const Arithmetic& a, const T& b) {
                    eval_gcd(result, b, a);
                }
                template<class T, class Arithmetic>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<Arithmetic>::value>::type
                    eval_lcm(T& result, const T& a, const Arithmetic& b) {
                    using si_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<Arithmetic, T>::type;
                    using default_ops::eval_lcm;
                    T t;
                    t = static_cast<si_type>(b);
                    eval_lcm(result, a, t);
                }
                template<class T, class Arithmetic>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<Arithmetic>::value>::type
                    eval_lcm(T& result, const Arithmetic& a, const T& b) {
                    eval_lcm(result, b, a);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR unsigned eval_lsb(const T& val) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    int c = eval_get_sign(val);
                    if (c == 0) {
                        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::domain_error("No bits were set in the operand."));
                    }
                    if (c < 0) {
                        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::domain_error(
                            "Testing individual bits in negative values is not supported - results are undefined."));
                    }
                    unsigned result = 0;
                    T mask, t;
                    mask = ui_type(1);
                    do {
                        eval_bitwise_and(t, mask, val);
                        ++result;
                        eval_left_shift(mask, 1);
                    } while (eval_is_zero(t));

                    return --result;
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int eval_msb(const T& val) {
                    int c = eval_get_sign(val);
                    if (c == 0) {
                        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::domain_error("No bits were set in the operand."));
                    }
                    if (c < 0) {
                        BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION(std::domain_error(
                            "Testing individual bits in negative values is not supported - results are undefined."));
                    }
                    //
                    // This implementation is really really rubbish - it does
                    // a linear scan for the most-significant-bit.  We should really
                    // do a binary search, but as none of our backends actually needs
                    // this implementation, we'll leave it for now.  In fact for most
                    // backends it's likely that there will always be a more efficient
                    // native implementation possible.
                    //
                    unsigned result = 0;
                    T t(val);
                    while (!eval_is_zero(t)) {
                        eval_right_shift(t, 1);
                        ++result;
                    }
                    return --result;
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool eval_bit_test(const T& val, unsigned index) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    T mask, t;
                    mask = ui_type(1);
                    eval_left_shift(mask, index);
                    eval_bitwise_and(t, mask, val);
                    return !eval_is_zero(t);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bit_set(T& val, unsigned index) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    T mask;
                    mask = ui_type(1);
                    eval_left_shift(mask, index);
                    eval_bitwise_or(val, mask);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bit_flip(T& val, unsigned index) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    T mask;
                    mask = ui_type(1);
                    eval_left_shift(mask, index);
                    eval_bitwise_xor(val, mask);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_bit_unset(T& val, unsigned index) {
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned, T>::type;
                    T mask, t;
                    mask = ui_type(1);
                    eval_left_shift(mask, index);
                    eval_bitwise_and(t, mask, val);
                    if (!eval_is_zero(t))
                        eval_bitwise_xor(val, mask);
                }

                template<class B>
                void BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR eval_integer_sqrt(B& s, B& r, const B& x) {
                    //
                    // This is slow bit-by-bit integer square root, see for example
                    // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots#Binary_numeral_system_.28base_2.29
                    // There are better methods such as http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/07/28/54/PDF/RR-3805.pdf
                    // and http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/07/21/13/PDF/RR-4475.pdf which should be implemented
                    // at some point.
                    //
                    using ui_type = typename nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::canonical<unsigned char, B>::type;

                    s = ui_type(0u);
                    if (eval_get_sign(x) == 0) {
                        r = ui_type(0u);
                        return;
                    }
                    int g = eval_msb(x);
                    if (g <= 1) {
                        s = ui_type(1);
                        eval_subtract(r, x, s);
                        return;
                    }

                    B t;
                    r = x;
                    g /= 2;
                    int org_g = g;
                    eval_bit_set(s, g);
                    eval_bit_set(t, 2 * g);
                    eval_subtract(r, x, t);
                    --g;
                    if (eval_get_sign(r) == 0)
                        return;
                    int msbr = eval_msb(r);
                    do {
                        if (msbr >= org_g + g + 1) {
                            t = s;
                            eval_left_shift(t, g + 1);
                            eval_bit_set(t, 2 * g);
                            if (t.compare(r) <= 0) {
                                BOOST_ASSERT(g >= 0);
                                eval_bit_set(s, g);
                                eval_subtract(r, t);
                                if (eval_get_sign(r) == 0)
                                    return;
                                msbr = eval_msb(r);
                            }
                        }
                        --g;
                    } while (g >= 0);
                }

                template<class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_conj(B& result, const B& val) {
                    result = val;    // assume non-complex result.
                }
                template<class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_proj(B& result, const B& val) {
                    result = val;    // assume non-complex result.
                }

                //
                // These have to implemented by the backend, declared here so that our macro generated code compiles OK.
                //
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_floor();
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_ceil();
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_trunc();
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_sqrt();
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_ldexp();
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_frexp();
                // TODO implement default versions of these:
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_asinh();
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_acosh();
                template<class T>
                typename std::enable_if<sizeof(T) == 0>::type eval_atanh();

                //
                // eval_logb and eval_scalbn simply assume base 2 and forward to
                // eval_ldexp and eval_frexp:
                //
                template<class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename B::exponent_type eval_ilogb(const B& val) {
                    static_assert(!std::numeric_limits<number<B>>::is_specialized ||
                                      (std::numeric_limits<number<B>>::radix == 2),
                                  "The default implementation of ilogb requires a base 2 number type");
                    typename B::exponent_type e(0);
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(val)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
#ifdef FP_ILOGBNAN
                            return FP_ILOGBNAN > 0 ? (std::numeric_limits<typename B::exponent_type>::max)() :
                                                     (std::numeric_limits<typename B::exponent_type>::min)();
#else
                            return (std::numeric_limits<typename B::exponent_type>::max)();
#endif
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            return (std::numeric_limits<typename B::exponent_type>::max)();
                        case FP_ZERO:
                            return (std::numeric_limits<typename B::exponent_type>::min)();
                    }
                    B result;
                    eval_frexp(result, val, &e);
                    return e - 1;
                }

                template<class T>
                BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int eval_signbit(const T& val);

                template<class B>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_logb(B& result, const B& val) {
                    switch (eval_fpclassify(val)) {
                        case FP_NAN:
                            result = val;
                            errno = EDOM;
                            return;
                        case FP_ZERO:
                            result = std::numeric_limits<number<B>>::infinity().backend();
                            result.negate();
                            errno = ERANGE;
                            return;
                        case FP_INFINITE:
                            result = val;
                            if (eval_signbit(val))
                                result.negate();
                            return;
                    }
                    using max_t = typename std::conditional<std::is_same<std::intmax_t, long>::value,
                                                            boost::long_long_type, std::intmax_t>::type;
                    result = static_cast<max_t>(eval_ilogb(val));
                }
                template<class B, class A>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_scalbn(B& result, const B& val, A e) {
                    static_assert(!std::numeric_limits<number<B>>::is_specialized ||
                                      (std::numeric_limits<number<B>>::radix == 2),
                                  "The default implementation of scalbn requires a base 2 number type");
                    eval_ldexp(result, val, static_cast<typename B::exponent_type>(e));
                }
                template<class B, class A>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_scalbln(B& result, const B& val, A e) {
                    eval_scalbn(result, val, e);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool is_arg_nan(const T& val, std::integral_constant<bool, true> const&,
                                                                const std::integral_constant<bool, false>&) {
                    return eval_fpclassify(val) == FP_NAN;
                }
                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool is_arg_nan(const T& val,
                                                                std::integral_constant<bool, false> const&,
                                                                const std::integral_constant<bool, true>&) {
                    return (boost::math::isnan)(val);
                }
                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool is_arg_nan(const T&, std::integral_constant<bool, false> const&,
                                                                const std::integral_constant<bool, false>&) {
                    return false;
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool is_arg_nan(const T& val) {
                    return is_arg_nan(
                        val, std::integral_constant<bool, nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_backend<T>::value>(),
                        std::is_floating_point<T>());
                }

                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_fmax(T& result, const U& a, const V& b) {
                    if (is_arg_nan(a))
                        result = number<T>::canonical_value(b);
                    else if (is_arg_nan(b))
                        result = number<T>::canonical_value(a);
                    else if (eval_lt(number<T>::canonical_value(a), number<T>::canonical_value(b)))
                        result = number<T>::canonical_value(b);
                    else
                        result = number<T>::canonical_value(a);
                }
                template<class T, class U, class V>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_fmin(T& result, const U& a, const V& b) {
                    if (is_arg_nan(a))
                        result = number<T>::canonical_value(b);
                    else if (is_arg_nan(b))
                        result = number<T>::canonical_value(a);
                    else if (eval_lt(number<T>::canonical_value(a), number<T>::canonical_value(b)))
                        result = number<T>::canonical_value(a);
                    else
                        result = number<T>::canonical_value(b);
                }

                template<class R, class T, class U>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_hypot(R& result, const T& a, const U& b) {
                    //
                    // Normalize x and y, so that both are positive and x >= y:
                    //
                    R x, y;
                    x = number<R>::canonical_value(a);
                    y = number<R>::canonical_value(b);
                    if (eval_get_sign(x) < 0)
                        x.negate();
                    if (eval_get_sign(y) < 0)
                        y.negate();

                    // Special case, see C99 Annex F.
                    // The order of the if's is important: do not change!
                    int c1 = eval_fpclassify(x);
                    int c2 = eval_fpclassify(y);

                    if (c1 == FP_ZERO) {
                        result = y;
                        return;
                    }
                    if (c2 == FP_ZERO) {
                        result = x;
                        return;
                    }
                    if (c1 == FP_INFINITE) {
                        result = x;
                        return;
                    }
                    if ((c2 == FP_INFINITE) || (c2 == FP_NAN)) {
                        result = y;
                        return;
                    }
                    if (c1 == FP_NAN) {
                        result = x;
                        return;
                    }

                    if (eval_gt(y, x))
                        x.swap(y);

                    eval_multiply(result, x, std::numeric_limits<number<R>>::epsilon().backend());

                    if (eval_gt(result, y)) {
                        result = x;
                        return;
                    }

                    R rat;
                    eval_divide(rat, y, x);
                    eval_multiply(result, rat, rat);
                    eval_increment(result);
                    eval_sqrt(rat, result);
                    eval_multiply(result, rat, x);
                }

                template<class R, class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_nearbyint(R& result, const T& a) {
                    eval_round(result, a);
                }
                template<class R, class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_rint(R& result, const T& a) {
                    eval_nearbyint(result, a);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int eval_signbit(const T& val) {
                    return eval_get_sign(val) < 0 ? 1 : 0;
                }

                //
                // Real and imaginary parts:
                //
                template<class To, class From>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_real(To& to, const From& from) {
                    to = from;
                }
                template<class To, class From>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_imag(To& to, const From&) {
                    using ui_type = typename std::tuple_element<0, typename To::unsigned_types>::type;
                    to = ui_type(0);
                }

            }    // namespace default_ops
            namespace default_ops_adl {

                template<class To, class From>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_set_real_imp(To& to, const From& from) {
                    using to_component_type = typename component_type<number<To>>::type;
                    typename to_component_type::backend_type to_component;
                    to_component = from;
                    eval_set_real(to, to_component);
                }
                template<class To, class From>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_set_imag_imp(To& to, const From& from) {
                    using to_component_type = typename component_type<number<To>>::type;
                    typename to_component_type::backend_type to_component;
                    to_component = from;
                    eval_set_imag(to, to_component);
                }

            }    // namespace default_ops_adl
            namespace default_ops {

                template<class To, class From>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<number_category<To>::value == number_kind_complex>::type
                    eval_set_real(To& to, const From& from) {
                    default_ops_adl::eval_set_real_imp(to, from);
                }
                template<class To, class From>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                    typename std::enable_if<number_category<To>::value != number_kind_complex>::type
                    eval_set_real(To& to, const From& from) {
                    to = from;
                }

                template<class To, class From>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_set_imag(To& to, const From& from) {
                    default_ops_adl::eval_set_imag_imp(to, from);
                }

                template<class T>
                inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void eval_set_real(T& to, const T& from) {
                    to = from;
                }
                template<class T>
                void BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR eval_set_imag(T&, const T&) {
                    static_assert(sizeof(T) == INT_MAX,
                                  "eval_set_imag needs to be specialised for each specific backend");
                }

//
// These functions are implemented in separate files, but expanded inline here,
// DO NOT CHANGE THE ORDER OF THESE INCLUDES:
//
#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/detail/functions/constants.hpp>
#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/detail/functions/pow.hpp>
#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/detail/functions/trig.hpp>

            }    // namespace default_ops

            //
            // Default versions of floating point classification routines:
            //
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int fpclassify
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                using multiprecision::default_ops::eval_fpclassify;
                return eval_fpclassify(arg.backend());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int fpclassify
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return fpclassify BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool isfinite
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                int v = fpclassify BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(arg);
                return (v != (int)FP_INFINITE) && (v != (int)FP_NAN);
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool isfinite
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return isfinite BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool isnan
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                return fpclassify BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(arg) == (int)FP_NAN;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool isnan
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return isnan BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool isinf
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                return fpclassify BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(arg) == (int)FP_INFINITE;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool isinf
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return isinf BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool isnormal
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                return fpclassify BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(arg) == (int)FP_NORMAL;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR bool isnormal
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return isnormal BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(arg));
            }

            // Default versions of sign manipulation functions, if individual backends can do better than this
            // (for example with signed zero), then they should overload these functions further:

            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int sign
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                return arg.sign();
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int sign
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return sign BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(arg));
            }

            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int signbit
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                using default_ops::eval_signbit;
                return eval_signbit(arg.backend());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int signbit
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return signbit BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> changesign
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                return -arg;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type changesign
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return changesign BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> copysign
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& b) {
                return (nil::crypto3::multiprecision::signbit)(a) != (nil::crypto3::multiprecision::signbit)(b) ?
                           (nil::crypto3::multiprecision::changesign)(a) :
                           a;
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class tag, class A1,
                     class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> copysign
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& b) {
                return copysign BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    a, multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(b));
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Backend,
                     multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> copysign
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& b) {
                return copysign BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(a), b);
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class tagb, class A1b, class A2b, class A3b,
                     class A4b>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type copysign
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a,
                    const multiprecision::detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b>& b) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return copysign BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(a), value_type(b));
            }
            //
            // real and imag:
            //
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                real(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& a) {
                using default_ops::eval_real;
                using result_type = typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<
                    multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type;
                nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<result_type> precision_guard(a);
                result_type result;
                eval_real(result.backend(), a.backend());
                return result;
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                imag(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& a) {
                using default_ops::eval_imag;
                using result_type = typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<
                    multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type;
                nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<result_type> precision_guard(a);
                result_type result;
                eval_imag(result.backend(), a.backend());
                return result;
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type
                real(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return real(value_type(arg));
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type
                imag(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return imag(value_type(arg));
            }

            //
            // Complex number functions, these are overloaded at the Backend level, we just provide the
            // expression template versions here, plus overloads for non-complex types:
            //
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename boost::lazy_enable_if_c<number_category<T>::value == number_kind_complex,
                                                 component_type<number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>>::type
                abs(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return std::move(boost::math::hypot(real(v), imag(v)));
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename boost::lazy_enable_if_c<
                number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value ==
                    number_kind_complex,
                component_type<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>>::type
                abs(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(abs(static_cast<number_type>(v)));
            }

            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<T>::value == number_kind_complex,
                typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type>::type
                arg(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return std::move(atan2(imag(v), real(v)));
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type>::type
                arg(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>&) {
                return 0;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value ==
                        number_kind_complex ||
                    number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value ==
                        number_kind_floating_point,
                typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<
                    typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type>::type
                arg(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(arg(static_cast<number_type>(v)));
            }

            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename boost::lazy_enable_if_c<number_category<T>::value == number_kind_complex,
                                                 component_type<number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>>::type
                norm(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                typename component_type<number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type a(real(v)), b(imag(v));
                return std::move(a * a + b * b);
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<T>::value != number_kind_complex,
                typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type>::type
                norm(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return v * v;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename scalar_result_from_possible_complex<
                typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type
                norm(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(norm(static_cast<number_type>(v)));
            }

            template<class Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                polar(number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> const& r,
                      number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> const& theta) {
                return typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type(
                    number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(r * cos(theta)),
                    number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(r * sin(theta)));
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Backend,
                     expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                std::is_same<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type,
                             number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::value,
                typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type>::type
                polar(detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> const& r,
                      number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> const& theta) {
                return typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type(
                    number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(r * cos(theta)),
                    number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(r * sin(theta)));
            }

            template<class Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class tag, class A1, class A2,
                     class A3, class A4>
            BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                std::is_same<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type,
                             number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::value,
                typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type>::type
                polar(number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> const& r,
                      detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> const& theta) {
                return typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type(
                    number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(r * cos(theta)),
                    number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(r * sin(theta)));
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class tagb, class A1b, class A2b, class A3b,
                     class A4b>
            BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                std::is_same<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type,
                             typename detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b>::result_type>::value,
                typename complex_result_from_scalar<
                    typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type>::type
                polar(detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> const& r,
                      detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b> const& theta) {
                using scalar_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return typename complex_result_from_scalar<scalar_type>::type(scalar_type(r * cos(theta)),
                                                                              scalar_type(r * sin(theta)));
            }
            //
            // We also allow the first argument to polar to be an arithmetic type (probably a literal):
            //
            template<class Scalar, class Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<Scalar>::value,
                typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type>::type
                polar(Scalar const& r, number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> const& theta) {
                return typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type(
                    number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(r * cos(theta)),
                    number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(r * sin(theta)));
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Scalar>
            BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<Scalar>::value,
                                        typename complex_result_from_scalar<
                                            typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type>::type
                polar(Scalar const& r, detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> const& theta) {
                using scalar_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return typename complex_result_from_scalar<scalar_type>::type(scalar_type(r * cos(theta)),
                                                                              scalar_type(r * sin(theta)));
            }
            //
            // Single argument overloads:
            //
            template<class Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                polar(number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> const& r) {
                return typename complex_result_from_scalar<number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type(r);
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename complex_result_from_scalar<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type
                polar(detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> const& r) {
                return typename complex_result_from_scalar<
                    typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type(r);
            }

        }    // namespace multiprecision

        namespace math {

            //
            // Import Math functions here, so they can be found by Boost.Math:
            //
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::changesign;
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::copysign;
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::fpclassify;
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::isfinite;
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::isinf;
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::isnan;
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::isnormal;
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::sign;
            using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::signbit;

        }    // namespace math

        namespace multiprecision {

            using c99_error_policy = ::boost::math::policies::policy<
                ::boost::math::policies::domain_error<::boost::math::policies::errno_on_error>,
                ::boost::math::policies::pole_error<::boost::math::policies::errno_on_error>,
                ::boost::math::policies::overflow_error<::boost::math::policies::errno_on_error>,
                ::boost::math::policies::evaluation_error<::boost::math::policies::errno_on_error>,
                ::boost::math::policies::rounding_error<::boost::math::policies::errno_on_error>>;

            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value != number_kind_complex,
                                        multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type asinh
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                return boost::math::asinh(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value !=
                    number_kind_complex,
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type asinh
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return asinh(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value != number_kind_complex,
                                        multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type acosh
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                return boost::math::acosh(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value !=
                    number_kind_complex,
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type acosh
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return acosh(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value != number_kind_complex,
                                        multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::type atanh
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                return boost::math::atanh(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value !=
                    number_kind_complex,
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type atanh
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return atanh(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>
                cbrt BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                return boost::math::cbrt(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type cbrt
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return cbrt(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>
                erf BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                return boost::math::erf(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type erf
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return erf(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>
                erfc BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                return boost::math::erfc(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type erfc
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return erfc(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> expm1
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                return boost::math::expm1(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type expm1
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return expm1(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> lgamma
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> result;
                result = boost::math::lgamma(arg, c99_error_policy());
                if ((nil::crypto3::multiprecision::isnan)(result) && !(nil::crypto3::multiprecision::isnan)(arg)) {
                    result = std::numeric_limits<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::infinity();
                    errno = ERANGE;
                }
                return result;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type lgamma
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return lgamma(value_type(arg));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> tgamma
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                if ((arg == 0) &&
                    std::numeric_limits<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>::has_infinity) {
                    errno = ERANGE;
                    return 1 / arg;
                }
                return boost::math::tgamma(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type tgamma
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return tgamma(value_type(arg));
            }

            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long lrint
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                return lround(arg);
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long lrint
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                return lround(arg);
            }
#ifndef BOOST_NO_LONG_LONG
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type llrint
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                return llround(arg);
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type llrint
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                return llround(arg);
            }
#endif
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> log1p
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    arg);
                return boost::math::log1p(arg, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type log1p
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(arg);
                return log1p(value_type(arg));
            }

            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> nextafter
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& b) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    a, b);
                return boost::math::nextafter(a, b, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class tag, class A1,
                     class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> nextafter
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& b) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    a, b);
                return nextafter BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    a, multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(b));
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Backend,
                     multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> nextafter
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& b) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    a, b);
                return nextafter BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(a), b);
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class tagb, class A1b, class A2b, class A3b,
                     class A4b>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type nextafter
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a,
                    const multiprecision::detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b>& b) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(a, b);
                return nextafter BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(a), value_type(b));
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> nexttoward
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& b) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    a, b);
                return boost::math::nextafter(a, b, c99_error_policy());
            }
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class tag, class A1,
                     class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> nexttoward
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& b) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    a, b);
                return nexttoward BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    a, multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(b));
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Backend,
                     multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> nexttoward
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a,
                                                 const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& b) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    a, b);
                return nexttoward BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>(a), b);
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class tagb, class A1b, class A2b, class A3b,
                     class A4b>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type nexttoward
                BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(
                    const multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a,
                    const multiprecision::detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b>& b) {
                using value_type = typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<value_type> precision_guard(a, b);
                return nexttoward BOOST_PREVENT_MACRO_SUBSTITUTION(value_type(a), value_type(b));
            }

            template<class B1, class B2, class B3, expression_template_option ET1, expression_template_option ET2,
                     expression_template_option ET3>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR number<B1, ET1>& add(number<B1, ET1>& result, const number<B2, ET2>& a,
                                                                 const number<B3, ET3>& b) {
                static_assert((std::is_convertible<B2, B1>::value),
                              "No conversion to the target of a mixed precision addition exists");
                static_assert((std::is_convertible<B3, B1>::value),
                              "No conversion to the target of a mixed precision addition exists");
                using default_ops::eval_add;
                eval_add(result.backend(), a.backend(), b.backend());
                return result;
            }

            template<class B1, class B2, class B3, expression_template_option ET1, expression_template_option ET2,
                     expression_template_option ET3>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR number<B1, ET1>& subtract(number<B1, ET1>& result, const number<B2, ET2>& a,
                                                                      const number<B3, ET3>& b) {
                static_assert((std::is_convertible<B2, B1>::value),
                              "No conversion to the target of a mixed precision addition exists");
                static_assert((std::is_convertible<B3, B1>::value),
                              "No conversion to the target of a mixed precision addition exists");
                using default_ops::eval_subtract;
                eval_subtract(result.backend(), a.backend(), b.backend());
                return result;
            }

            template<class B1, class B2, class B3, expression_template_option ET1, expression_template_option ET2,
                     expression_template_option ET3>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR number<B1, ET1>& multiply(number<B1, ET1>& result, const number<B2, ET2>& a,
                                                                      const number<B3, ET3>& b) {
                static_assert((std::is_convertible<B2, B1>::value),
                              "No conversion to the target of a mixed precision addition exists");
                static_assert((std::is_convertible<B3, B1>::value),
                              "No conversion to the target of a mixed precision addition exists");
                using default_ops::eval_multiply;
                eval_multiply(result.backend(), a.backend(), b.backend());
                return result;
            }

            template<class B, expression_template_option ET, class I>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<I>::value,
                                        number<B, ET>&>::type
                add(number<B, ET>& result, const I& a, const I& b) {
                using default_ops::eval_add;
                using canonical_type = typename detail::canonical<I, B>::type;
                eval_add(result.backend(), static_cast<canonical_type>(a), static_cast<canonical_type>(b));
                return result;
            }

            template<class B, expression_template_option ET, class I>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<I>::value,
                                        number<B, ET>&>::type
                subtract(number<B, ET>& result, const I& a, const I& b) {
                using default_ops::eval_subtract;
                using canonical_type = typename detail::canonical<I, B>::type;
                eval_subtract(result.backend(), static_cast<canonical_type>(a), static_cast<canonical_type>(b));
                return result;
            }

            template<class B, expression_template_option ET, class I>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_integral<I>::value,
                                        number<B, ET>&>::type
                multiply(number<B, ET>& result, const I& a, const I& b) {
                using default_ops::eval_multiply;
                using canonical_type = typename detail::canonical<I, B>::type;
                eval_multiply(result.backend(), static_cast<canonical_type>(a), static_cast<canonical_type>(b));
                return result;
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type
                trunc(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, const Policy& pol) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(trunc(number_type(v), pol));
            }

            template<class Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>
                trunc(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& v, const Policy&) {
                using default_ops::eval_trunc;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(
                    v);
                number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> result;
                eval_trunc(result.backend(), v.backend());
                return result;
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int itrunc(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v,
                                                       const Policy& pol) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                number_type r(trunc(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) || r < (std::numeric_limits<int>::min)() ||
                    !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::itrunc<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, number_type(v), 0, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<int>();
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int itrunc(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                return itrunc(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
            template<class Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int itrunc(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& v,
                                                       const Policy& pol) {
                number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates> r(trunc(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) || r < (std::numeric_limits<int>::min)() ||
                    !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::itrunc<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, v, 0, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<int>();
            }
            template<class Backend, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int itrunc(const number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return itrunc(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long ltrunc(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v,
                                                        const Policy& pol) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                number_type r(trunc(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<long>::max)()) || r < (std::numeric_limits<long>::min)() ||
                    !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::ltrunc<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, number_type(v), 0L, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<long>();
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long ltrunc(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                return ltrunc(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long ltrunc(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, const Policy& pol) {
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> r(trunc(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<long>::max)()) || r < (std::numeric_limits<long>::min)() ||
                    !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::ltrunc<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, v, 0L, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<long>();
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long ltrunc(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return ltrunc(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
#ifndef BOOST_NO_LONG_LONG
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type
                lltrunc(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, const Policy& pol) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                number_type r(trunc(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<boost::long_long_type>::max)()) ||
                    r < (std::numeric_limits<boost::long_long_type>::min)() || !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error(
                        "nil::crypto3::multiprecision::lltrunc<%1%>(%1%)", 0, number_type(v), 0LL, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<boost::long_long_type>();
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type
                lltrunc(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                return lltrunc(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type lltrunc(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v,
                                                                          const Policy& pol) {
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> r(trunc(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<boost::long_long_type>::max)()) ||
                    r < (std::numeric_limits<boost::long_long_type>::min)() || !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error(
                        "nil::crypto3::multiprecision::lltrunc<%1%>(%1%)", 0, v, 0LL, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<boost::long_long_type>();
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type lltrunc(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return lltrunc(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
#endif
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type
                round(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, const Policy& pol) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(round(static_cast<number_type>(v), pol));
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR number<T, ExpressionTemplates>
                round(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, const Policy&) {
                using default_ops::eval_round;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<T, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(v);
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> result;
                eval_round(result.backend(), v.backend());
                return result;
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int iround(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v,
                                                       const Policy& pol) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                number_type r(round(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) || r < (std::numeric_limits<int>::min)() ||
                    !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::iround<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, number_type(v), 0, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<int>();
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int iround(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                return iround(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int iround(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, const Policy& pol) {
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> r(round(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) || r < (std::numeric_limits<int>::min)() ||
                    !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::iround<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, v, 0, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<int>();
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int iround(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return iround(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long lround(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v,
                                                        const Policy& pol) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                number_type r(round(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<long>::max)()) || r < (std::numeric_limits<long>::min)() ||
                    !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::lround<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, number_type(v), 0L, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<long>();
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long lround(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                return lround(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long lround(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, const Policy& pol) {
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> r(round(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<long>::max)()) || r < (std::numeric_limits<long>::min)() ||
                    !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::lround<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, v, 0L, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<long>();
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR long lround(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return lround(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
#ifndef BOOST_NO_LONG_LONG
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type
                llround(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, const Policy& pol) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                number_type r(round(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<boost::long_long_type>::max)()) ||
                    r < (std::numeric_limits<boost::long_long_type>::min)() || !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::iround<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, number_type(v), 0LL, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<boost::long_long_type>();
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type
                llround(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v) {
                return llround(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class Policy>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type llround(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v,
                                                                          const Policy& pol) {
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> r(round(v, pol));
                if ((r > (std::numeric_limits<boost::long_long_type>::max)()) ||
                    r < (std::numeric_limits<boost::long_long_type>::min)() || !(boost::math::isfinite)(v))
                    return boost::math::policies::raise_rounding_error("nil::crypto3::multiprecision::iround<%1%>(%1%)",
                                                                       0, v, 0LL, pol);
                return r.template convert_to<boost::long_long_type>();
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR boost::long_long_type llround(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v) {
                return llround(v, boost::math::policies::policy<>());
            }
#endif
            //
            // frexp does not return an expression template since we require the
            // integer argument to be evaluated even if the returned value is
            // not assigned to anything...
            //
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                        number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                frexp(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, short* pint) {
                using default_ops::eval_frexp;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<T, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(v);
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> result;
                eval_frexp(result.backend(), v.backend(), pint);
                return result;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value ==
                    number_kind_floating_point,
                typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type
                frexp(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, short* pint) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(frexp(static_cast<number_type>(v), pint));
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                        number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                frexp(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, int* pint) {
                using default_ops::eval_frexp;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<T, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(v);
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> result;
                eval_frexp(result.backend(), v.backend(), pint);
                return result;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value ==
                    number_kind_floating_point,
                typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type
                frexp(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, int* pint) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(frexp(static_cast<number_type>(v), pint));
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                        number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                frexp(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, long* pint) {
                using default_ops::eval_frexp;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<T, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(v);
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> result;
                eval_frexp(result.backend(), v.backend(), pint);
                return result;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value ==
                    number_kind_floating_point,
                typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type
                frexp(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, long* pint) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(frexp(static_cast<number_type>(v), pint));
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                        number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                frexp(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, boost::long_long_type* pint) {
                using default_ops::eval_frexp;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<T, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(v);
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> result;
                eval_frexp(result.backend(), v.backend(), pint);
                return result;
            }
            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value ==
                    number_kind_floating_point,
                typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::type
                frexp(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, boost::long_long_type* pint) {
                using number_type = typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type;
                return std::move(frexp(static_cast<number_type>(v), pint));
            }
            //
            // modf does not return an expression template since we require the
            // second argument to be evaluated even if the returned value is
            // not assigned to anything...
            //
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                        number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                modf(const number<T, ExpressionTemplates>& v, number<T, ExpressionTemplates>* pipart) {
                using default_ops::eval_modf;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<T, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(v);
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> result;
                eval_modf(result.backend(), v.backend(), pipart ? &pipart->backend() : 0);
                return result;
            }
            template<class T, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates, class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3,
                     class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<T>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                        number<T, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                modf(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& v, number<T, ExpressionTemplates>* pipart) {
                using default_ops::eval_modf;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<T, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(v);
                number<T, ExpressionTemplates> result, arg(v);
                eval_modf(result.backend(), arg.backend(), pipart ? &pipart->backend() : 0);
                return result;
            }

            //
            // Integer square root:
            //
            template<class B, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<B>::value == number_kind_integer,
                                                                    number<B, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                sqrt(const number<B, ExpressionTemplates>& x) {
                using default_ops::eval_integer_sqrt;
                number<B, ExpressionTemplates> s, r;
                eval_integer_sqrt(s.backend(), r.backend(), x.backend());
                return s;
            }
            //
            // fma:
            //

            namespace default_ops {

                struct fma_func {
                    template<class B, class T, class U, class V>
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(B& result, const T& a, const U& b, const V& c) const {
                        eval_multiply_add(result, a, b, c);
                    }
                };

            }    // namespace default_ops

            template<class Backend, class U, class V>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                (number_category<number<Backend, et_on>>::value == number_kind_floating_point) &&
                    (is_number<U>::value || is_number_expression<U>::value ||
                     nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value) &&
                    (is_number<V>::value || is_number_expression<V>::value ||
                     nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value),
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, number<Backend, et_on>, U, V>>::type
                fma(const number<Backend, et_on>& a, const U& b, const V& c) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, number<Backend, et_on>, U, V>(
                    default_ops::fma_func(), a, b, c);
            }

            template<class tag, class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3, class Arg4, class U, class V>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                (number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>::result_type>::value ==
                 number_kind_floating_point) &&
                    (is_number<U>::value || is_number_expression<U>::value ||
                     nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value) &&
                    (is_number<V>::value || is_number_expression<V>::value ||
                     nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value),
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func,
                                   detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>, U, V>>::type
                fma(const detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>& a, const U& b, const V& c) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func,
                                          detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>, U, V>(
                    default_ops::fma_func(), a, b, c);
            }

            template<class Backend, class U, class V>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<(number_category<number<Backend, et_off>>::value ==
                                         number_kind_floating_point) &&
                                            (is_number<U>::value || is_number_expression<U>::value ||
                                             nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value) &&
                                            (is_number<V>::value || is_number_expression<V>::value ||
                                             nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value),
                                        number<Backend, et_off>>::type
                fma(const number<Backend, et_off>& a, const U& b, const V& c) {
                using default_ops::eval_multiply_add;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off>> precision_guard(a, b, c);
                number<Backend, et_off> result;
                eval_multiply_add(result.backend(), number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(a),
                                  number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(b),
                                  number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(c));
                return result;
            }

            template<class U, class Backend, class V>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                (number_category<number<Backend, et_on>>::value == number_kind_floating_point) &&
                    nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value &&
                    (is_number<V>::value || is_number_expression<V>::value ||
                     nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value),
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, U, number<Backend, et_on>, V>>::type
                fma(const U& a, const number<Backend, et_on>& b, const V& c) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, U, number<Backend, et_on>, V>(
                    default_ops::fma_func(), a, b, c);
            }

            template<class U, class tag, class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3, class Arg4, class V>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                (number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>::result_type>::value ==
                 number_kind_floating_point) &&
                    nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value &&
                    (is_number<V>::value || is_number_expression<V>::value ||
                     nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value),
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, U,
                                   detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>, V>>::type
                fma(const U& a, const detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>& b, const V& c) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, U,
                                          detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>, V>(default_ops::fma_func(),
                                                                                              a, b, c);
            }

            template<class U, class Backend, class V>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<(number_category<number<Backend, et_off>>::value ==
                                         number_kind_floating_point) &&
                                            nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value &&
                                            (is_number<V>::value || is_number_expression<V>::value ||
                                             nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value),
                                        number<Backend, et_off>>::type
                fma(const U& a, const number<Backend, et_off>& b, const V& c) {
                using default_ops::eval_multiply_add;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off>> precision_guard(a, b, c);
                number<Backend, et_off> result;
                eval_multiply_add(result.backend(), number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(a),
                                  number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(b),
                                  number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(c));
                return result;
            }

            template<class U, class V, class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                (number_category<number<Backend, et_on>>::value == number_kind_floating_point) &&
                    nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value &&
                    nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value,
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, U, V, number<Backend, et_on>>>::type
                fma(const U& a, const V& b, const number<Backend, et_on>& c) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, U, V, number<Backend, et_on>>(
                    default_ops::fma_func(), a, b, c);
            }

            template<class U, class V, class tag, class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3, class Arg4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                (number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>::result_type>::value ==
                 number_kind_floating_point) &&
                    nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value &&
                    nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value,
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, U, V,
                                   detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>>>::type
                fma(const U& a, const V& b, const detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>& c) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::fma_func, U, V,
                                          detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>>(default_ops::fma_func(), a,
                                                                                           b, c);
            }

            template<class U, class V, class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<(number_category<number<Backend, et_off>>::value ==
                                         number_kind_floating_point) &&
                                            nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<U>::value &&
                                            nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::is_arithmetic<V>::value,
                                        number<Backend, et_off>>::type
                fma(const U& a, const V& b, const number<Backend, et_off>& c) {
                using default_ops::eval_multiply_add;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off>> precision_guard(a, b, c);
                number<Backend, et_off> result;
                eval_multiply_add(result.backend(), number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(a),
                                  number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(b),
                                  number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(c));
                return result;
            }

            namespace default_ops {

                struct remquo_func {
                    template<class B, class T, class U>
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(B& result, const T& a, const U& b, int* pi) const {
                        eval_remquo(result, a, b, pi);
                    }
                };

            }    // namespace default_ops

            template<class Backend, class U>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<number<Backend, et_on>>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::remquo_func, number<Backend, et_on>, U, int*>>::type
                remquo(const number<Backend, et_on>& a, const U& b, int* pi) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::remquo_func, number<Backend, et_on>, U, int*>(
                    default_ops::remquo_func(), a, b, pi);
            }

            template<class tag, class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3, class Arg4, class U>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>::result_type>::value ==
                    number_kind_floating_point,
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::remquo_func,
                                   detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>, U, int*>>::type
                remquo(const detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>& a, const U& b, int* pi) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::remquo_func,
                                          detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>, U, int*>(
                    default_ops::remquo_func(), a, b, pi);
            }

            template<class U, class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                (number_category<number<Backend, et_on>>::value == number_kind_floating_point) &&
                    !is_number<U>::value && !is_number_expression<U>::value,
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::remquo_func, U, number<Backend, et_on>, int*>>::type
                remquo(const U& a, const number<Backend, et_on>& b, int* pi) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::remquo_func, U, number<Backend, et_on>, int*>(
                    default_ops::remquo_func(), a, b, pi);
            }

            template<class U, class tag, class Arg1, class Arg2, class Arg3, class Arg4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                (number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>::result_type>::value ==
                 number_kind_floating_point) &&
                    !is_number<U>::value && !is_number_expression<U>::value,
                detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::remquo_func, U,
                                   detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>, int*>>::type
                remquo(const U& a, const detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>& b, int* pi) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, default_ops::remquo_func, U,
                                          detail::expression<tag, Arg1, Arg2, Arg3, Arg4>, int*>(
                    default_ops::remquo_func(), a, b, pi);
            }

            template<class Backend, class U>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<number<Backend, et_on>>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                        number<Backend, et_off>>::type
                remquo(const number<Backend, et_off>& a, const U& b, int* pi) {
                using default_ops::eval_remquo;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off>> precision_guard(a, b);
                number<Backend, et_off> result;
                eval_remquo(result.backend(), a.backend(), number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(b), pi);
                return result;
            }
            template<class U, class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<(number_category<number<Backend, et_on>>::value ==
                                         number_kind_floating_point) &&
                                            !is_number<U>::value && !is_number_expression<U>::value,
                                        number<Backend, et_off>>::type
                remquo(const U& a, const number<Backend, et_off>& b, int* pi) {
                using default_ops::eval_remquo;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off>> precision_guard(a, b);
                number<Backend, et_off> result;
                eval_remquo(result.backend(), number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(a), b.backend(), pi);
                return result;
            }

            template<class B, expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<B>::value == number_kind_integer,
                                                                    number<B, ExpressionTemplates>>::type
                sqrt(const number<B, ExpressionTemplates>& x, number<B, ExpressionTemplates>& r) {
                using default_ops::eval_integer_sqrt;
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<B, ExpressionTemplates>> precision_guard(x, r);
                number<B, ExpressionTemplates> s;
                eval_integer_sqrt(s.backend(), r.backend(), x.backend());
                return s;
            }

            // clang-format off

#define UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR_CXX11_RVALUE(func, category)\
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                               \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value == category, number<Backend, et_on> > ::type                                                                      \
   func(number<Backend, et_on>&& arg)                                                                                                                                                                     \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg);                                                                                                    \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                  \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                         \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)(result.backend(), arg.backend());                                                                                                                                                                  \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                       \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                      \

#define BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_CXX11_RVALUE(func, category)\
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value == category, number<Backend, et_on> >::type func(number<Backend, et_on>&& arg, const number<Backend, et_on>& a)                                                                                              \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg, a);                                                                                                                                                  \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                                                                   \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)(result.backend(), arg.backend(), a.backend());                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value == category, number<Backend, et_on> >::type func(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg, number<Backend, et_on>&& a)                                                                                              \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg, a);                                                                                                                                                  \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                                                                   \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)(result.backend(), arg.backend(), a.backend());                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value == category, number<Backend, et_on> >::type func(number<Backend, et_on>&& arg, number<Backend, et_on>&& a)                                                                                              \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg, a);                                                                                                                                                  \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                                                                   \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)(result.backend(), arg.backend(), a.backend());                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend, class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>                                                                                                                                                                             \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<(number_category<Backend>::value == category) && (std::is_convertible<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type, number<Backend, et_on> >::value),                           \
           number<Backend, et_on> > ::type                                                                                                                                                                       \
   func(number<Backend, et_on>&& arg, const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a)                                                                                    \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             number<Backend, et_on>, detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>(), arg, a);                                                                                             \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                             \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<(number_category<Backend>::value == category) && (std::is_convertible<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type, number<Backend, et_on> >::value),                           \
           number<Backend, et_on> > ::type                                                                                                                                                                       \
   func(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg, number<Backend, et_on>&& a)                                                                                    \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, number<Backend, et_on> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>(), arg, a);                                                                                             \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                              \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
           is_compatible_arithmetic_type<Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_on> >::value && (number_category<Backend>::value == category),                                                                                                                     \
           number<Backend, et_on> >::type                                                                                                                                                                                                     \
   func(number<Backend, et_on>&& arg, const Arithmetic& a)                                                                                                                                               \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             number<Backend, et_on>, Arithmetic > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>(), arg, a);                                                                                                                         \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                              \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
           is_compatible_arithmetic_type<Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_on> >::value && (number_category<Backend>::value == category),                                                                                                                     \
           number<Backend, et_on> > ::type                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
   func(const Arithmetic& arg, number<Backend, et_on>&& a)                                                                                                                                              \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
                 detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_on> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend > (), arg, a);                                                                                                                          \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \


#define UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(func, category)                                                                                                                                                                  \
   namespace detail {                                                                                                                                                                                     \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                               \
   struct BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))                                                                                                                                                  \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Backend& result, const Backend& arg) const                                                                                                                                          \
      {                                                                                                                                                                                                   \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                      \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                          \
         (result, arg);                                                                                                                                                                                   \
      }                                                                                                                                                                                                   \
      template <class U>                                                                                                                                                                                  \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(U& result, const Backend& arg) const                                                                                                                                                \
      {                                                                                                                                                                                                   \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                      \
         Backend temp;                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                          \
         (temp, arg);                                                                                                                                                                                     \
         result = std::move(temp);                                                                                                                                                                                   \
      }                                                                                                                                                                                                   \
   };                                                                                                                                                                                                     \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
   template <class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>                                                                                                                                           \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::value == category,                                                                     \
                                                        detail::expression<detail::function,                                                                                                              \
                                                        detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,            \
                                                        detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> > > ::type                                                                                                \
   func(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg)                                                                    \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      return detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                          \
                 detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                               \
             detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type > (), arg); \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                               \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value == category,                                                                                                      \
          detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>, number<Backend, et_on> > > ::type                                                       \
   func(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg)                                                                                                                                                                \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      return detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                          \
                 detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                     \
             number<Backend, et_on> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend > (), arg);                                                                                        \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                               \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                    \
       nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number_category<Backend>::value == category,                                                                                                                                \
       number<Backend, et_off> >::type                                                                                                                                                                    \
   func(const number<Backend, et_off>& arg)                                                                                                                                                               \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg);                                                                                                    \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                  \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                         \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)(result.backend(), arg.backend());                                                                                                                                                                  \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                       \
   }\
   UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR_CXX11_RVALUE(func, category)\

#define BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(func, category)                                                                                                                                                                                                                  \
   namespace detail {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
   struct BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))                                                                                                                                                                                                   \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Backend& result, const Backend& arg, const Backend& a) const                                                                                                                                                                         \
      {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
         (result, arg, a);                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \
      }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
      template <class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Backend& result, const Backend& arg, const Arithmetic& a) const                                                                                                                                                                      \
      {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
         (result, arg, number<Backend>::canonical_value(a));                                                                                                                                                                                               \
      }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
      template <class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Backend& result, const Arithmetic& arg, const Backend& a) const                                                                                                                                                                      \
      {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
         (result, number<Backend>::canonical_value(arg), a);                                                                                                                                                                                               \
      }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
      template <class U>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(U& result, const Backend& arg, const Backend& a) const                                                                                                                                                                               \
      {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
         Backend r;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
         (r, arg, a);                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
         result = std::move(r);                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
      template <class U, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(U& result, const Backend& arg, const Arithmetic& a) const                                                                                                                                                                            \
      {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
         Backend r;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
         (r, arg, number<Backend>::canonical_value(a));                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         result = std::move(r);                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
      template <class U, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                                 \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(U& result, const Arithmetic& arg, const Backend& a) const                                                                                                                                                                            \
      {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
         Backend r;                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
         (r, number<Backend>::canonical_value(arg), a);                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
         result = std::move(r);                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
   };                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value == category, detail::expression<detail::function, \
         detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>, number<Backend, et_on>, number<Backend, et_on> > > ::type                                                                                                                                                                \
   func(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg, const number<Backend, et_on>& a)                                                                                              \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             number<Backend, et_on>, number<Backend, et_on> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>(), arg, a);                                                                                                              \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend, class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>                                                                                                                                                                             \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<(number_category<Backend>::value == category) && (std::is_convertible<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type, number<Backend, et_on> >::value),                           \
           detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>, number<Backend, et_on>, detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> > > ::type                                                                                                                                                                       \
   func(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg, const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a)                                                                                    \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             number<Backend, et_on>, detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>(), arg, a);                                                                                             \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                             \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<(number_category<Backend>::value == category) && (std::is_convertible<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type, number<Backend, et_on> >::value),                           \
           detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>, detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, number<Backend, et_on> > > ::type                                                                                                                                                                       \
   func(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg, const number<Backend, et_on>& a)                                                                                    \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, number<Backend, et_on> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>(), arg, a);                                                                                             \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class tagb, class A1b, class A2b, class A3b, class A4b>                                                                                                                                    \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<(number_category<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::value == category) && (number_category<detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b> >::value == category),                                                                          \
           detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                                                                                  \
           detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b> > > ::type                                                                                                                                                 \
   func(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg, const detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b>& a)                                        \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                                                                                \
             detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, detail::expression<tagb, A1b, A2b, A3b, A4b> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>(), arg, a); \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                              \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
           is_compatible_arithmetic_type<Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_on> >::value && (number_category<Backend>::value == category),                                                                                                                     \
           detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                        \
           number<Backend, et_on>, Arithmetic> > ::type                                                                                                                                                                                                     \
   func(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg, const Arithmetic& a)                                                                                                                                               \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             number<Backend, et_on>, Arithmetic > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))<Backend>(), arg, a);                                                                                                                         \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                          \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
           is_compatible_arithmetic_type<Arithmetic, typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value && (number_category<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::value == category),                                              \
           detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \
               detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                                                                                  \
           detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, Arithmetic> > ::type                                                                                                                                                                                    \
   func(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg, const Arithmetic& a)                                                                                                             \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
                 detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                                                                                \
             detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, Arithmetic > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type > (), arg, a);                                  \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                              \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
           is_compatible_arithmetic_type<Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_on> >::value && (number_category<Backend>::value == category),                                                                                                                     \
           detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \
               detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                        \
           Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_on> > > ::type                                                                                                                                                                                                    \
   func(const Arithmetic& arg, const number<Backend, et_on>& a)                                                                                                                                              \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
                 detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                                                      \
             Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_on> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend > (), arg, a);                                                                                                                          \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                          \
       inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
           is_compatible_arithmetic_type<Arithmetic, typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value && (number_category<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::value == category),                                              \
           detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                                                             \
               detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                                                                                  \
           Arithmetic, detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> > > ::type                                                                                                                                                                                   \
   func(const Arithmetic& arg, const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& a)                                                                                                            \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      return detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                                                           \
                 detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                                                                                \
             Arithmetic, detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type > (), arg, a);                                   \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<(number_category<Backend>::value == category), number<Backend, et_off> >::type                                                                                                                                                                                             \
   func(const number<Backend, et_off>& arg, const number<Backend, et_off>& a)                                                                                                                                                                              \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg, a);                                                                                                                                                  \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                                                                   \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)(result.backend(), arg.backend(), a.backend());                                                                                                                                                                                                      \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                              \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \
       is_compatible_arithmetic_type<Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_off> >::value && (number_category<Backend>::value == category),                                                                                                                        \
       number<Backend, et_off> >::type                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \
   func(const number<Backend, et_off>& arg, const Arithmetic& a)                                                                                                                                                                                           \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg);                                                                                                                                                     \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                                                                   \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \
      (result.backend(), arg.backend(), number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(a));                                                                                                                                                                      \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
   template <class Backend, class Arithmetic>                                                                                                                                                                                                              \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                                                            \
       is_compatible_arithmetic_type<Arithmetic, number<Backend, et_off> >::value && (number_category<Backend>::value == category),                                                                                                                        \
       number<Backend, et_off> >::type                                                                                                                                                                                                                     \
   func(const Arithmetic& a, const number<Backend, et_off>& arg)                                                                                                                                                                                           \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg);                                                                                                                                                     \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                                                                   \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                                                          \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                                                              \
      (result.backend(), number<Backend, et_off>::canonical_value(a), arg.backend());                                                                                                                                                                      \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                                                                        \
   }\
   BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_CXX11_RVALUE(func, category)

#define HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(func, Arg2, category)                                                                                                                                                            \
   template <class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>                                                                                                                                                     \
       inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                 \
           (number_category<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::value == category),                                                                                                                          \
           detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                      \
               detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                                           \
           detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, Arg2> > ::type                                                                                                                                                   \
                                                           func(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg, Arg2 const& a)                                                                                  \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
      return detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                    \
                 detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type>,                                         \
             detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>, Arg2 > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4> >::type > (), arg, a); \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                                         \
       inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                 \
           (number_category<Backend>::value == category),                                                                                                                                                           \
           detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                      \
               detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                                 \
           number<Backend, et_on>, Arg2> > ::type                                                                                                                                                                    \
                                          func(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg, Arg2 const& a)                                                                                                                    \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
      return detail::expression<                                                                                                                                                                                    \
                 detail::function, detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend>,                                                                                                               \
             number<Backend, et_on>, Arg2 > (detail::BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct)) < Backend > (), arg, a);                                                                                        \
   }                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
   template <class Backend>                                                                                                                                                                                         \
   inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<                                                                                                                                                                                     \
       (number_category<Backend>::value == category),                                                                                                                                                               \
       number<Backend, et_off> >::type                                                                                                                                                                              \
   func(const number<Backend, et_off>& arg, Arg2 const& a)                                                                                                                                                          \
   {                                                                                                                                                                                                                \
      detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off> > precision_guard(arg, a);                                                                                                           \
      number<Backend, et_off>                                                    result;                                                                                                                            \
      using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                                                                                                                                                                   \
      BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                                                                                                                                                                       \
      (result.backend(), arg.backend(), a);                                                                                                                                                                         \
      return result;                                                                                                                                                                                 \
   }

#define HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(func, Arg2, category)                  \
   namespace detail {                                                   \
   template <class Backend>                                             \
   struct BOOST_JOIN(category, BOOST_JOIN(func, _funct))                \
   {                                                                    \
      template <class Arg>                                              \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Backend& result, Backend const& arg, Arg a) const \
      {                                                                 \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                    \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                        \
         (result, arg, a);                                              \
      }                                                                 \
      template <class U, class Arg>                                              \
      BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(U& result, Backend const& arg, Arg a) const \
      {                                                                 \
         using default_ops::BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func);                    \
         Backend temp;                                                  \
         BOOST_JOIN(eval_, func)                                        \
         (temp, arg, a);                                                \
         result = std::move(temp);                                  \
      }                                                                 \
   };                                                                   \
   }                                                                    \
                                                                        \
   HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(func, Arg2, category)

            // clang-format on

            namespace detail {
                template<class Backend>
                struct abs_funct {
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Backend& result, const Backend& arg) const {
                        using default_ops::eval_abs;
                        eval_abs(result, arg);
                    }
                };
                template<class Backend>
                struct conj_funct {
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Backend& result, const Backend& arg) const {
                        using default_ops::eval_conj;
                        eval_conj(result, arg);
                    }
                };
                template<class Backend>
                struct proj_funct {
                    BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void operator()(Backend& result, const Backend& arg) const {
                        using default_ops::eval_proj;
                        eval_proj(result, arg);
                    }
                };

            }    // namespace detail

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<typename detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type>::value !=
                    number_kind_complex,
                detail::expression<
                    detail::function,
                    detail::abs_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>,
                    detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>>::type
                abs(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                return detail::expression<
                    detail::function,
                    detail::abs_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>,
                    detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>(
                    detail::abs_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>(),
                    arg);
            }
            template<class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<Backend>::value != number_kind_complex,
                detail::expression<detail::function, detail::abs_funct<Backend>, number<Backend, et_on>>>::type
                abs(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::abs_funct<Backend>, number<Backend, et_on>>(
                    detail::abs_funct<Backend>(), arg);
            }
            template<class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value != number_kind_complex,
                                        number<Backend, et_off>>::type
                abs(const number<Backend, et_off>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off>> precision_guard(arg);
                number<Backend, et_off> result;
                using default_ops::eval_abs;
                eval_abs(result.backend(), arg.backend());
                return result;
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR detail::expression<
                detail::function,
                detail::conj_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>,
                detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>
                conj(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                return detail::expression<
                    detail::function,
                    detail::conj_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>,
                    detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>(
                    detail::conj_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>(),
                    arg);
            }
            template<class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                detail::expression<detail::function, detail::conj_funct<Backend>, number<Backend, et_on>>
                conj(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::conj_funct<Backend>, number<Backend, et_on>>(
                    detail::conj_funct<Backend>(), arg);
            }
            template<class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR number<Backend, et_off> conj(const number<Backend, et_off>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off>> precision_guard(arg);
                number<Backend, et_off> result;
                using default_ops::eval_conj;
                eval_conj(result.backend(), arg.backend());
                return result;
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR detail::expression<
                detail::function,
                detail::proj_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>,
                detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>
                proj(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& arg) {
                return detail::expression<
                    detail::function,
                    detail::proj_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>,
                    detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>(
                    detail::proj_funct<typename detail::backend_type<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::type>(),
                    arg);
            }
            template<class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                detail::expression<detail::function, detail::proj_funct<Backend>, number<Backend, et_on>>
                proj(const number<Backend, et_on>& arg) {
                return detail::expression<detail::function, detail::proj_funct<Backend>, number<Backend, et_on>>(
                    detail::proj_funct<Backend>(), arg);
            }
            template<class Backend>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR number<Backend, et_off> proj(const number<Backend, et_off>& arg) {
                detail::scoped_default_precision<multiprecision::number<Backend, et_off>> precision_guard(arg);
                number<Backend, et_off> result;
                using default_ops::eval_proj;
                eval_proj(result.backend(), arg.backend());
                return result;
            }

            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(fabs, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(sqrt, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(floor, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(ceil, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(trunc, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(round, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(exp, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(exp2, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(log, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(log10, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(cos, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(sin, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(tan, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(asin, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(acos, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(atan, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(cosh, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(sinh, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(tanh, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(log2, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(nearbyint, number_kind_floating_point)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(rint, number_kind_floating_point)

            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(ldexp, short, number_kind_floating_point)
            // HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(frexp, short*, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(ldexp, int, number_kind_floating_point)
            // HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(frexp, int*, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(ldexp, long, number_kind_floating_point)
            // HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(frexp, long*, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(ldexp, boost::long_long_type, number_kind_floating_point)
            // HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(frexp, boost::long_long_type*, number_kind_floating_point)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(pow, number_kind_floating_point)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(fmod, number_kind_floating_point)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(fmax, number_kind_floating_point)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(fmin, number_kind_floating_point)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(atan2, number_kind_floating_point)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(fdim, number_kind_floating_point)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(hypot, number_kind_floating_point)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(remainder, number_kind_floating_point)

            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(logb, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(scalbn, short, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(scalbln, short, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(scalbn, int, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(scalbln, int, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(scalbn, long, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(scalbln, long, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(scalbn, boost::long_long_type, number_kind_floating_point)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR_B(scalbln, boost::long_long_type, number_kind_floating_point)

            //
            // Complex functions:
            //
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(exp, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(log, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(log10, number_kind_complex)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(pow, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(sqrt, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(sin, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(cos, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(tan, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(asin, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(acos, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(atan, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(sinh, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(cosh, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(tanh, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(asinh, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(acosh, number_kind_complex)
            UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR(atanh, number_kind_complex)

            //
            // Integer functions:
            //
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(gcd, number_kind_integer)
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(lcm, number_kind_integer)
            HETERO_BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(pow, unsigned, number_kind_integer)

            //
            // Modular functions:
            //
            BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR(pow, number_kind_modular)

#undef BINARY_OP_FUNCTOR
#undef UNARY_OP_FUNCTOR

            //
            // ilogb:
            //
            template<class Backend, multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
                typename std::enable_if<number_category<Backend>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                                        typename Backend::exponent_type>::type
                ilogb(const multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& val) {
                using default_ops::eval_ilogb;
                return eval_ilogb(val.backend());
            }

            template<class tag, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
            inline BOOST_MP_CXX14_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
                number_category<detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>>::value == number_kind_floating_point,
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3,
                                                            A4>::result_type::backend_type::exponent_type>::type
                ilogb(const detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>& val) {
                using default_ops::eval_ilogb;
                typename multiprecision::detail::expression<tag, A1, A2, A3, A4>::result_type arg(val);
                return eval_ilogb(arg.backend());
            }

        }    // namespace multiprecision
    }        // namespace crypto3
}    // namespace nil

namespace boost {
    namespace math {
        //
        // Overload of Boost.Math functions that find the wrong overload when used with number:
        //
        namespace detail {
            template<class T>
            T sinc_pi_imp(T);
            template<class T>
            T sinhc_pi_imp(T);
        }    // namespace detail
        template<class Backend, nil::crypto3::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
        inline nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>
            sinc_pi(const nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& x) {
            nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<
                nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>
                precision_guard(x);
            return std::move(detail::sinc_pi_imp(x));
        }

        template<class Backend, nil::crypto3::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates,
                 class Policy>
        inline nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>
            sinc_pi(const nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& x, const Policy&) {
            nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<
                nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>
                precision_guard(x);
            return std::move(detail::sinc_pi_imp(x));
        }

        template<class Backend, nil::crypto3::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates>
        inline nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>
            sinhc_pi(const nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& x) {
            nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<
                nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>
                precision_guard(x);
            return std::move(detail::sinhc_pi_imp(x));
        }

        template<class Backend, nil::crypto3::multiprecision::expression_template_option ExpressionTemplates,
                 class Policy>
        inline nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>
            sinhc_pi(const nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>& x, const Policy&) {
            nil::crypto3::multiprecision::detail::scoped_default_precision<
                nil::crypto3::multiprecision::number<Backend, ExpressionTemplates>>
                precision_guard(x);
            return std::move(boost::math::sinhc_pi(x));
        }

        using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::gcd;
        using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::lcm;

#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif
    }    // namespace math

    namespace integer {

        using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::gcd;
        using nil::crypto3::multiprecision::lcm;

    }    // namespace integer

}    // namespace boost

//
// This has to come last of all:
//
#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/detail/no_et_ops.hpp>
#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/detail/et_ops.hpp>
//
// min/max overloads:
//
#include <nil/crypto3/multiprecision/detail/min_max.hpp>

#endif
